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贸易可能产生于规模经济,即大规模生产的成本优势。
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技术、资本和现成的市场是跨国企业组织带给不发达国家的利益。
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就出口商的利益而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利。
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Thereisageneralmisconceptionthatmarket-seekingFDIindomesticsectorssuchasretailyieldslittledevelopmentimpact.Theoppositeistrue.FDIinretailhasbeenakeydriverofproductivitygrowthinBrazil,Poland,andThailand,resultinginlowerpricesandhigherconsumption.Large-scaleforeignretailersarealsoforcingwholesalersandfoodprocessorstoimprove.Andtheyarenowbecomingimportantsourcesofexports；TescoinThailandandWal-MartinBrazilareincreasinglyturningtolocalproductstofeedtheirglobalsupplychains.Retailalsohappenstobeapillarofthetourismindustry.
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Acontractisanagreementbywhichtwopartiesmutuallypromisetobuyorsellsomeproducts.Inpractice,someinformalcontractsmaybereachedorally.Thisisunderstandable,butmayleadtounfortunateconsequences.Areasonableexportershouldatleastinsistonstrictobservanceofthelegalrequirementsincaseofordersthatarenotroutinetransactions.Whenthegoodsorderedrepresentaconsiderablevalue,aformalcontractembodyingalltermsoftheagreementshouldbepreparedinduplicate；eachcopyshouldbesignedbybothparties,andeachpartyshouldretainacopyofthecontract.
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