语法学就是研究语言结构规律的科学。从方法上，语法学可以分为___\_、对比语法学、历史比较语法学与____\_；从研究对象上，可以分为个别语法学与____\_；从发展阶段来看，它可以分为_____\_、历史比较语法学、______与转换生成语法学。
Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look-say” or “whole-word” method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn” activities recommended by advocates（倡导者）of “open” classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run” readers.However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted （控诉）the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said--and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed_that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics（语音学）,is far superior.Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.1.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is（ ）.2.The author indicts the look-say reading approach because（ ）.3.One major difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonics method is（ ） .4.The phrase “touch-off”（Para 3）most probably means（ ）.5.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?
从语法学的角度来说，语言表达应该符合现代化语法学的范围，可是引文“可是‘友邦人士’一惊诧，我们的国府就怕了，‘长此以往，国将不国’了，好像失去了东三省，党国倒愈像一个国……永远国下去一样。”却有不符合语法学规范之处，请指出来，并说明这样用词有什么好处。
A、文学
B、语法学
C、逻辑学
D、哲学
