When [A] putting [B] in historical perspective, from the time of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal to [C] the present, the [D] fallen status of government as a protector and benefactor is extraordinary.
We don’t think that his（ ）ability has been well developed.
Whenever the political laws of the United States are to be discussed, it is with the doctrine of the sovereignty of the people that we must begin. The principle of the sovereignty of the people, which is always to be found, more or less, at the bottom of almost all human institutions, generally remains there concealed from view. It is obeyed without being recognized, or if for a moment it is brought to light, it is hastily cast back into the gloom of the sanctuary.“The will of the nation” is one of those phrases, that have been most largely abused by the wily and the despotic of every age. Some have seen the expression of it in the purchased suffrages of a few of the satellites of power; others, in the votes of a timid or an interested minority; and some have even discovered it in the silence of a people, on the sup¬position that the fact of submission established the right to command.In America the principle of the sovereignty of the people is neither barren nor concealed, as it is with some other nations; it is recognized by the customs and proclaimed by the laws; it spreads freely, and arrives without impediment at its most remote consequences. If there is a country in the world where the doctrine of the sovereignty of the people can be fairly appreciated, where it can be studied in its application to the affairs of society, and where its dangers and its advantages may be judged, that country is assuredly America.It has been observed that, from their origin, the sovereignty of the people was the fundamental principle of most of the British colonies in America. It was far, however, from then exercising as much influence on the government of society as it now does. Two obstacles, the one external, the other internal, checked its invasive progress.It could not ostensibly disclose itself in the laws of colonies which were still forced to obey the mother country, it was therefore obliged to rule secretly in the provincial assemblies, and especially in the townships. American society at that time was not yet prepared to adopt it with all its consequences. Intelligence in New England and wealth in the country to the south of the Hudson long exercised a sort of aristocratic influence, which tended to keep the exercise of social power in the hands of a few. Not all the public functionaries were chosen by popular vote, nor were all the citizens voters. The electoral franchise was everywhere somewhat restricted and made dependent on a certain qualification, which was very low in the North and more considerable in the South.The American Revolution broke out, and the doctrine of the sovereignty of the people came out of the townships and took possession of the state. Every class was enlisted in its cause; battles were fought and victories obtained for it; it became the law of the laws.1.The author analyzed the phrase “The will of the nation” as （ ）.2. Sovereignty of the American people in relation to that of other countries is said to be （ ）.3.What observation did the author assert concerning the development of sovereignty?4.Geographically, the author observed the internal power struggle in the colonies based on （ ）.5.The end result of the American Revolution was （ ）.
We should get （ ）to that new journal.
The technical-social way of life is a deep feature of the species adaptation, but we would err if we assumed a priori that man’s inheritance placed no constraint on his power to adapt.
Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human being could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation.People might not be able to stay alive knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn; they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear; people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist; in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society’s economic underpinnings （支柱）would be destroyed; since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work.In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for use in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects’ physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are ‘‘good’’ and others are “bad' and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept.In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individual for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war. and used the legal penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that（ ）.2.According to the passage, people’s learning activities are possible because they （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on （ ）.4.Emotions are significant for man's survival and adaptation because （ ）.5.The emotional aspects of an objects are more important than its physical aspects in that they（ ）.
