Medicine achieved its splendid eminence by applying the principle of fragmentation to the human condition. Our bodily ills have been split up relegated to different experts: an itch to the dermatologist, a twitch to the neurologist and if all else fails, a visit to the psychiatrist. For this last, intangible function & the family doctor has been taken over by the specialist confessional.In Israel, you queue at one desk for a cut finger, at another for a sprain, and a third for shock-even if all three symptoms resulted from one accident. In Britain, both the growing importance of hospital facilities and the reluctance of GE.s to unit their resources has gone far towards making the surgery a baby or calming a neurotic.Consultants and G.Ps begin the same way, as medical students obliged to cultivate detachment. But whereas family doctor gets involved in the intimate details of his “parish”， the consultant need only meet aspects of the patient relevant to his specialty. The more he endeavors to specialize, the more extraneous phenomena must be shut out. Beyond the token bedside exchanges he need not go.Consequently, in a surgical ward, there are no people at all: only an appendectomy, a tumor, two hernias, and a “terminal case” (hospitals avoid the word “dying”). To make impersonality easier, beds are numbered and patients are known by numbers. Remoteness provides the hospital with a practical working code.Nurses too have evolved their own defense system. Since they care for individuals, they could with dangerous ease become too involved. The nursing profession has therefore perfected its own technique of fragmentation, task assignment”. This enables one patient’s needs to be split up among many nurses. One junior will go down a row of beds inserting a thermometer into a row of mouths. Whether the owners are asleep or drinking tea is irrelevant; the job comes first, in her final year, a student will undertake the pre-medication of patients on theatre-list. She has by that time learnt to see them as objects for injection, not frightened people.Nursing leaders realize the drawbacks in this system. There-has been talk of group-assignment to link nurses with particular patients and give some continuity. But the actual number of experiments can be counted on one hand. Nurses, as they often plead, touchingly, “are only human”. They shun responsibility for life and death, if responsibility is split into a kaleidoscope of urines, it weighs less on any one person.1.In this passage, the writer is ultimately suggesting that（ ）.2.According to the passage nurses are（ ） .3.In this passage, the writer is ultimately suggesting that （ ）.4.According to the writers the attempts by nursing leaders to improve the system 5.The word “shun” in the last paragraph means （ ）.

A.healthcare has become more efficient B.healthcare has become less caring C.hospitals have too many specialists D.there should be more opportunities for amateurs in hospitals
问题2：
A.overpaid and uncaring B.overworked and unfairly criticized C.overwhelmed and undervalued D.uncaring but efficient
问题3：
A.healthcare has become more efficient B.healthcare has become less caring C.hospitals have too many specialists D.there should be more opportunities for amateurs in hospitals
问题4：
A.a step in the fight direction B.impressive C.few D.flawed
问题5：
A.dodge B.claim C.appreciate D.undertake