The age of the general practitioner is over. More and more graduates of medical schools tend to （ ）, that is, to concentrate on limited areas of their research.
Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating (毁灭性的)tragedy was the provocation. The observer of Wars is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive. Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a memos of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication (药物), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of ”dry eye" syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.At Columbia University Dr. Liasy Fads and colleagues are studying tears for clues Io the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.1.It is known from the first paragraph that （ ）.2.What does “both those responses to tears" (Line 6, Para, 1) refer to?3.“Counterproductive”(Lines 7, Para, 1) very probably means “ （ ）”.4.What does the author say about crying?5.What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?
She is a very original comedian and can （ ）laughs out of any audience.
Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very （ ）.
The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each （ ）one major pointing contrast with the other.
It is hard to reconcile his splendid speeches （ ）his actual behavior.
