Children’s literature traces its beginnings to preliterate times, when ancient storytellers passed tales and legends from generation to generation in the oral tradition. William Caxton, who established England’s first printing press, published books of etiquette, fables and legends. However, these didn’t constitute a body of work that could be considered literature for children. Because children at that time were considered "miniature adults", books were didactic in nature. The content for young readers consisted mainly of religious instruction, rules of behavior, ethical messages, and moral platitudes. In 1774, Englishman John Newberry changed children’s publishing when he began to create books with attractive formats, quality illustrations, and sturdy bindings, that were designed primarily for children to enjoy. The oldest, and most prestigious award given for children’s books published in America, is the Newberry Medal.In the following century, children’s literature began to bloom. Hans Christian Andersen’s wonderful stories like "The Ugly Duckling", and "The Little Mermaid", and Grimm brothers collected two volumes of German folktales that included stories such as "Snow White" and "Rumpelstiltskin". Childhood came to be recognized as a joyful and carefree period of life, and books celebrating it began to be published. Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carrol) wrote the fantasy "Alice in Wonderland", the first book that was intended purely for children’s enjoyment without any pretense of instruction. Edwards Lear’s books of nonsense poetry delighted both young and old readers. In North America, books for a young audience were becoming popular as well. Kate Douglas Wiggin wrote "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm", Louisa May Alcott wrote "Little Women", and Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) created Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. By the end of the century, the pious and moralistic books of earlier times had been replaced by writing designed to amuse and entertain a young audience. In the 1800s color printing was introduced, and by the middle of the 19th century, the rough illustrations that characterized earlier children’s books had been replaced by works of art that captured the word and some of the story.1.The underlined word “constitute” in Paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to （ ）.2.According to the passage, the early books of etiquette, fables and legends could not really be considered children’s literature because（ ）.3.According to the passage, what changed children’s publishing in 1774?4.The underlined word “sturdy” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to（ ）.5.What does the author mean by the statement “children’s literature began to bloom” in Paragraph 2?6.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to （ ）.7.According to the passage, “Alice in the WonderlancT’ was an example of （ ）.8.The underlined word “characterized” in Paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to （ ）.9.What impact did color printing have on children’s books?

A.form B.talk C.plan D.look
问题2：
A.the children couldn’t read them B.the early books were too heavy for children C.the stories were too difficult for children to appreciate D.the stories were for education rather than for enjoyment
问题3：
A.the Newberry Medal B.some books began to be produced mainly for children to enjoy C.some books had attractive formats, quality illustration, and sturdy bindings D.some books no longer contained religious instruction, rules of behavior, ethical messages, and moral platitudes
问题4：
A.robust B.ornate C.soft D.hard
问题5：
A.quality illustrations and attractive formats made books more appealing B.illustration often included flowers C.became more varied and attractive D.became more numerous and popular
问题6：
A.publishing B.books C.life D.childhood
问题7：
A.a fantasy story B.a German folktale C.a book celebrating childhood D.a book of instruction
问题8：
A.rejected B.described C.devalued D.amused
问题9：
A.sales increased by the middle of the 19th century B.rough illustrations were now more appealing C.illustrat