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To become wealthier,a country needs strong growth in productivity-the output of goods or services from given inputs of labor and capital.For most people,In theory at least,higher productivity means the expectation of rising wages and abundant job opportunities Productivity growth in most of the worlds rich countries has been dismal since around 2004.Espe-cially vexing is the sluggish pace of what economists call total factor productivity--the part hat accounts for the contributions of innovation and technology.In a time of facebook smartphones,self-driving cars,and computers that can beat a person at just about any board game,how can the key economic measure of technological progress be so pathetic?Economists have tagged this the productivity paradox Some argue that because today's technologies are not nearly as impressive as we think.The leading proponent of that view,Northwestern University economist Robert Gordon,contends that compared with breakthroughs like indoor plumbing and the electric motor,today's advances are small and of limited economic benefit.Others think productivity is in fact increasing but we simply don't know how to measure things like the value delivered by Google and Facebook,particularly when many of the benefits are‘free.Both views probably misconstrue what is actually going on.It's likely that many new technologies are used to simply replace workers and not to create new tasks and occupations.What's more,the technologies that could have the most impact are not widely used Driverless vehicles,for instance,are still not on most roads.Robots are rather dumb and remain rare outside manufacturing.And AI is mysterious for most companies.What's happening now may be a replay of the late 80s,says Erik Brynjolfsson,another MIT economist.Breakthroughs in machine learning and image recognition are"eye-popping";the delay in implementing them only reflects how much change that will entail."It means swapping in AI and thinking your business,and it might mean whole new business models he says.In this view,AI is what economic historians consider a"general-purpose technology.These are inventions like the steam engine,electricity,and the internal-combustion engine.Eventually they transformed how we lived and worked.Illustrating the potential of AI as a general-purpose technology,Scott Stern of MITs Sloan School of Management describes it as a"method for a new method of invention But he also warns against expecting such a change to show up in macroeconomic measurements anytime soon."If I tell you we're having an innovation explosion,check back with me in 2050 and I'll show you the impacts,Scott Stern says.General-purpose technologies,he adds,"take a lifetime to reorganize around
According to Paragraph 1,productivity refers to
A.the criteria to measure a powerful country
B.the impetus for people to work harder
C.the capacity to produce goods and services
D.the prerequisite for innovation and high-tech
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On trade,President Donald Trump has launched lots of investigations,withdrawn from one deal and started the renegotiation of another.But this week is the first time he has put up a big new barrier On January 22nd he approved broad and punitive duties,of up to 30%on imports of solar panels and up to 50%on imports of washing machines.His backers say that the measure,which affects aroundS 10bn of imports,will protect American workers.His critics cling to the hope that the damage will be mild.Both are wrong.Start with the claims made by the administration.Workers are also consumers,and Mr Trump's actions will whack them.Tariffs raise prices and dull competition.Whirlpool Corporation,the washing machine maker which asked for the duties,knows as much.When,n 2006,it merged with maytag,arival,it quelled concerns about its high market share by pointing to competition from abroad.One study found that clothes-dryer prices rose by 14%after the merger.For washing machines,where import competition was fiercer,prices were unchanged The solar industry is a clearer case.It has about 260,000 workers,a mere 2,000 of whom were making solar cells and panels at the end of 2016.The government reckons that the fastest-growing occupation over the next ten years will be that of solar installer.The Solar Energy Industries Association,a body that is enraged by the new tariffs,reckons that the industry will support up to 23,000 fewer jobs because of them.Meanwhile,as if to underline the irony,the two companies that asked for protection are unlikely to be saved And do not forget that the tariffs may harm American industry more broadly.Restricting markets for imports tends to spark retaliation that restricts markets for exports-especially when,as with these latest tariffs,they affect everyone.China,supposedly the focus of American ire,produces 60%of the world,solar cells and is responsible for 21%of America's imports.But South Korea will also be hit,and its government is poised to dispute America's action at the World Trade Organisation.Other casualties include Mexico,Canada and the European Union That Mr Trump has stayed within the rules is small comfort:they give him enormous scope to poison world trade.And it would be wrong to skate over the differences between his administration and its predecessors.The last time this particular safeguard was applied was in 2002.It is especially belligerent.Past presidents remained wary of hurting American consumers,and mindful of international repercussions.Mr.Trump,by contrast,seems to hold a steadfast belief that protectionism works.His rhetoric-and now his actions-invite aggrieved petitioners to apply for help.The logic of his stance on trade is to use tariffs not sparingly,but repeatedly and aggressively.Mr Trump is now open for business,just not the healthy sort
The case of Whirlpool Corporation mentioned in Paragraph 2 intends to
A.explain how and why workers suffer from Trump's policy
B.prove the benefits of raising tariffs to American public
C.highlight the importance of merges among corporations
D.illustrate the tactics used against the foreign competitors
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Growing bodies need movement and（ ）,but not just in ways that emphasize competition.
A.care
B.nutrition
C.exercise
D.leisure
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Instincts are the natural resources of human behavior,the raw materials of action,feeling,and thought.They are the primary motives and the indispensable instruments of action.But like other natural resources,men's original tendencies must be controlled and redirected,if they are to be frurtfully utilized in the interests of human welfare.There are a number of conditions that make imperative the control of native tendencies.The first of these is intrinsic to the organization of instincts themselves:impulses are stimulated at random and collide with one another.Often one impulse,be it that of curiosity or aggression,can be indulged only at the expense or frustration of many others just as natural,normal,and inevitable.A life is a long-time enterprise and it contains a diversity of desires.If all of these are to receive any measure of fulfillment there must be compromise and adjustment between them;they must all be subjected to some measure of control.A second cause for the control of instinct lies in the fact that people live and have to live together.The close association which is so characteristic of human life is partly attributable to a specific gregarious instinct,partly to the increasing need for cooperation which marks the increasing complexity of civilization.But whatever be its causes,group association makes it necessary that men regulate their impulses and actions with reference to one another.Endowed as human beings are with more or less identical sets of original native desires,the desires of one cannot be freely fulfilled without frequently coming into conflict with the similar desires of others.Still another imperative reason for the control of our instinctive equipment lies in the fact that instincts as such are inadequate to adjust either the individual or the group to contemporary conditions.They were developed in the process of evolution as useful methods for enabling the human animal to cope with a radically different and incomparably simpler environment.While the problems and processes of his life and environment have grown more complex,man's inborn equipment for controlling the world he lives in has,through the long history of civilization,remained practically unchanged.And,finally,so vastly complicated have become the physical and the social machinery of civilized life that it is literally impossible to depend on instincts to adjust us to an environment far different from that to which they were in the process of evolution adapted.In the light of these conditions men have found that if they are to live happily and fruitfully together,certain original tendencies must be stimulated and developed,others weakened,redirected,and modified,and still others,within limits possibly,altogether repressed.
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Martin Luther King,the great Black leader in the movement against racial discrimination,was（ ）the Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding contribution to world peace.
A.rewarded
B.awarded
C.conferred
D.granted
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