The massive, black, horned buffalo, formerly found throughout sub-Saharan Africa, is a gregarious animal of open or scrub-covered plains and open forests.
Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things’’--physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used—that a culture produces. Examining a culture's tools and technology can tell us about the group's history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of "things** in it of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented. So we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near Eastern to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-culture as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print. But research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America. Printed versions limited variety because they tend to standardize any song. Yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notion has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.One more important part of music's material culture should be singled out: th
Tom just （ ）his shoulders when I asked him what he thought of the situation.
The customer complained about the （ ）TV set he bought from the store.
I don't want to lend any money to him; he's already in debt（ ） me.
The age of the general practitioner is over. More and more graduates of medical schools tend to （ ）, that is, to concentrate on limited areas of their research.
